Vascular endothelial-specific loss of TGF-beta signaling as a model for choroidal neovascularization and central nervous ...
In the central nervous system (CNS), vascular development, structure, and function are tightly regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt, Notch, and TGF-beta pathways (Wälchli et al., 2015, 2023; …